Genu Valgum and Genu Varum
Genu valgum (knock knee) both knee are going in and leg going out side Walking difficulty.
It is idiopathic, post traumatic, Rickets, skeletal dysplasia, tumors or hereditary multiple exsotoses (HME).
Genu varum (bow legs) : Physiological, Blount’s disease, skeletal dysplasia, rickets, post infective or traumatic, focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia.
Diagnosis : Clinical obvious deformity at knee X ray full length (scanogram).
Treatment : Nutritional rickets will correct deformity by medicine.
Surgery : Growth modulation by plate or staple or screw in skeletally immature patients. Corrective osteotomy may require for skeletally mature patients.
Genu varum and genu valgum are often normal developmental changes in knee alignment that occur in a young child. Measuring the child's height and understanding normal development is the key to determining which children need further evaluation for a possible skeletal or metabolic bone dysplasia.
Angular deformities around the knee; Genu Varum (Bowing) or Genu Valgum (Knock Knees) are commonly seen as deformities in children. These can be physiological as well as pathological. The newborns have a physiological genu varum which is highest around the age of 1 year and later as the child grows the lower limbs become straight and then further progress to Valgus between the age of 3-4 years. It reaches normal angulation of 7-10 degrees by the age of 7 years.